Health Promotion Theories And Models - 1660 Words

Health promotion utilises theories and models to guide practice. A theory is the general principles of a framework of ideas in regards to a particular topic. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016) A model is a set plan of action based on theoretical ideas to achieve a set goal. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016) The difference between a theory and a model is that a theory is related to evidence based knowledge and a model is built on this knowledge although it is presented as a process to reach certain targets. The three health promotion approaches individual, community or organisational and public policy and practice can all be applied in a health promotion setting. The individual level of health promotion is based on the Ottawa charter action area ‘develop personal skills’ through education and social development an individual is more inclined to seek health promoting behaviour and make more informed health choices. (Who.int, 2016) An example of this is the Australian guide to healthy eating which provides individuals with guidelines on how to make good informed choices when it comes to healthy eating. (Anon, 2016) At the community/organisational level of health promotion is based on the Ottawa charter action area of ‘strengthen community action’ it increases access to health information, community involvement in health initiatives whilst empowering the community to make their own choices. (Who.int, 2016) An example of this can be displayed through the St George Illawarra Dragons communityShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model And Mid Range Theory Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesTheories in the Nursing Field The nursing field comprises different theories that are used to govern nursing practice through offering different perspectives and views of phenomena. A theory can be defined as the development of a link between concepts that create a certain view of a phenomenon (Jackson, n.d.). The theories in the nursing field focus on issues that are relevant to enhancing patient care, overall nursing practice, and nursing education. Moreover, these theories are used to defineRead MoreHealth Promotion Model And Theories Of Social Cognitive Theory Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesHealth Promotion Model and Theories Social Cognitive Theory, Health Belief Model, and Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change are the three models I chose to discuss. An electronic database searched was completed. Three articles were chosen to summarize and discuss each of the above models. Social Cognitive Theory The article by Son et al. (2011) studies the effect of social cognitive factors among middle-aged and older adults’ leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation. The socialRead MoreMid Range Theory Application For Health Promotion Model3079 Words   |  13 PagesMid-Range Theory Application Identified Problem I am currently employed in the Veteran’s Affairs Loma Linda HCS in the Emergency Department. Our target population are adults, mainly male, with multiple on-going health conditions. In our ED, we see a huge volume of veterans who have chronic illnesses and conditions. I noticed that many re-peat ED visits that could have been easily avoided and prevented. Some are legitimate emergencies and urgencies, but unfortunately the great majority are the resultRead MoreMid Range Theory Application For Health Promotion Model3079 Words   |  13 PagesMid-Range Theory Application Identified Problem I am currently employed in the Veteran’s Affairs Loma Linda HCS in the Emergency Department. Our target population are adults, mainly male, with multiple on-going health conditions. In our ED, we see a huge volume of veterans who have chronic illnesses and conditions. I noticed that many re-peat ED visits that could have been easily avoided and prevented. Some are legitimate emergencies and urgencies, but unfortunately the great majority are the resultRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s d evelopment was based primarily on Pender’s life experiencesRead MoreHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1580 Words   |  7 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model and Parse’s Human Becoming Theory Nursing theories aid the development of nursing practice. Being able to analyze and critique theories enables nurses to develop their practice, and how different theories affect their own nursing theory. Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) and Parse’s Human Becoming Theory, are theories that are easily applicable in the community nursing field, while also having applications to other areas of nursing practice. Background and InfluencesRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreHealth Promotion Is Necessary For Improving The Health Of Patients Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction i. The World Health Organization (2016), defines health promotion as the process of enabling individuals to increase control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion focuses on helping clients improve health and quality of life by addressing and preventing causes of illness, and not just on treatment and cure. ii. Also, according to the Center for Disease Prevention and Control (2015), health risk behaviors have been identified to cause much of the illness, sufferingRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s concepts

The Architecture in Melbourne - 518 Words

The architecture in Melbourne is characterised by a substantial juxtaposition of old and new architecture. Where there are old architectural buildings that are an icon of Melbourne, there are also more recent buildings that have built a reputation of a Melbourne Icon. These more recent icons are known as The Melbourne Museum and Federation Square. Both the Melbourne Museum and Federation Square started off as a competition for architects to design the new building, whoever came up with the best concept/design would be the designer of the building or space. The Melbourne Museum competition was announced in 1994 where it was also opened for architects to design. The same chance for architects was given to design ‘a new civic square’, known as Federation Square we see today. The Victorian Government held this competition in 1996 and was announced to be an international competition. With the Centenary of Federation celebrations coming up in 2001, the main idea of the design was to generate a cultural space in the Melbourne CBD. The designs and the final plans for the Melbourne Museum were presented in May 1995, where Denton Corker Marshall (DCM) Architects won the competition. Lab Architects, which was based in London at that time, was to partner up with Bates Smart to design this new cultural space, where Bates Smart was considered to be one of the most prominent architecture firms in Melbourne. Federation Square began construction in 1998. These two buildings/spaces wereShow MoreRelatedArchitecture in Melbourne is thriving with creativity, new buildings such as the Manchester Unity700 Words   |  3 PagesArchitecture in Melbourne is thriving with creativity, new buildings such as the Manchester Unity Building, Capitol Theatre and Century building, which are all located on Swanston Street in the Heart of Melbourne. There are also other Modernist commercial building in Melbourne, such as the Myer Emporium and Yule House. Not all of these buildings are in Melbourne’s centre, there are many which are in Melbourne out skirts, for example Percy Everett who designed the Technical School in Essendon whichRead MoreModernism, Modernity and Modernisation: Urban Growth in Melbourne Between the Wars1533 Words   |  7 Pages(http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/modernism) This article, however, will be focusing on Australia’s development of Modernity, Modernisation and Modernism between the inter-war period of 1919 to 1939. With an ever expanding city, Melbourne designers and architects took advantage of new technologies and advancements in the production of steel and glass which opened up endless possibilities for space and light, and moving between the outside and the inside. Harry Seidler, an AustralianRead MoreEnvironmental Design1033 Words   |  5 PagesJesse Rosenfeld 159 462 Environmental Systems Assignment 2 Ideas Competition â€Å"Submit a proposal of  you  ideas that explore innovation, sustainability and pragmatics† The Faculty of Architecture Building amp; Planning is being uprooted and relocated to allow the demolition of the current building. In this assignment I am not going to discuss the potential green, eco friendly, sustainability aspects that could be incorporated into the new building, rather focusRead MoreProject Plan For A New Practice Management System959 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In this assignment I am going to outline a project plan in my workplace – Melbourne PC. The assignment will address the objectives and vision of this project, start up activities, stakeholder analysis, monitoring process and financial plan. Strategy vision The project vision is to invest in people, business process improvements, technology infrastructure and new practice management system to provide operational stability and to support growth and relevant operational objectives forRead MoreHome Is A And A Fire1599 Words   |  7 Pagesamount of architects and critics. However, the reason in it is not simply because of the word â€Å"suburb†, it is the image of poor architecture and the built environment that has caused the hatred toward the innocent suburbs. Robin Boyd, one of the most influential architect and critics in Australia, stated in his book, The Australian Ugliness, â€Å"We need better architecture and planning: more imaginatively exciting, more involving, more our own.† He pointed out that suburban house designers often ignoreRead MoreProminent Architecture of Melbournes Federation Square722 Words   |  3 PagesCathedral. The initial competition phase of the project gathered vast interest from architect from around the world, a total of 177 entries was lodged while 41 of them proposals came from architects located overseas. It wasn’t until July 1997 that Lab Architecture Studio (then located in London) and Bates Smart (one of Melbourne’s prominent architects) was awarded the design contract for Federation Square. The stage of constructing Federation Square had seen some major challenges during the developmentsRead MoreDefinition And Limitations Of Serial Digital Interface3019 Words   |  13 PagesMetrics 8 2.4Flow Analysis 9 3. Reference Architecture 10 â€Æ' 1. Introduction 1.1 Orientation Serial digital interface (SDI) is a good mechanism standardized by SMTP (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) which is used for digital video interfaces. The data in this method is transferring using coaxial cable. This study case is to produce Channel 4 which is one of the Australian free to air television video broadcaster into the Sydney and Melbourne. Channel 4 uses SDI links to transferRead MoreEthical Issues Of New Application3734 Words   |  15 Pagesstructure. This report provides long-term structured network architecture and its successful implementation of efficiency, competence and reliability of the main issues. Also, this report provides a methodology for the integration of solutions from different parts of each solution, fully validated through the project requirements, requires all senior substitute improving management practices introduced. Key words: Networks, architecture, reliability, methodology, substitute, management TableRead MoreAn Eco Friendly Architecture, H E C. E B At Muller And The City Planning Essay2267 Words   |  10 Pagesnature. This essay will use the examples of an eco-friendly architecture, H-E-B at Muller and the city planning of Melbourne to illustrate how urban designs can contribute to sustainability. Some architectures are designed to consume resources more efficiently aiming not to exceed the availability for satisfying future generation needs and continuing a balanced ecosystem. It seems that renewable energy is being used in some architectures in order to achieve the low consumption of resource. This isRead MoreDeconstruction Architecture and Digital Technology Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagesbut also to the visual arts and architecture. The approach of deconstruction in architecture is to get architects to think of things in a new way, to view architecture in bits and pieces. Also to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without losing their utility and still complying with the fundamental laws of physics. Especially in 1988, when deconstruction was first promoted in architecture. Different architects of different

The Technology of Organisational Structure Free Essay Example, 2500 words

It isn t unusual to find mobile phones with added features of being a palmtop, a planner with GPRS and internet system on top of the conventional phone uses. After the initial staff trimming, the next thing an organisation could expect is growth. With the sheer availability of ICT devices, the growth of a company is made easier. It would a simple matter to schedule meetings by calling up everyone involved for the nearest available time, then informing the time, date and venue. Unexpected changes or results could be relayed quickly through short text messaging and lengthy reports via e-mail attach. A quick call to the head office, the supplier and you will have the best possible presentation for your client. All this information boils down to one very important factor for the corporation. Global access. With the emergence of these technologies, small companies are equipped with the necessary weapons to challenge the global market. Smaller companies have the advantage of being more fl exible, able to tailor their goods and services to the client s needs. With such lucrative market at hand, company s strategies, especially those on the manufacturing and dealer s side, could focus on getting their product into the market directly through the internet, bypassing the middle man, thereby generating more income. We will write a custom essay sample on The Technology of Organisational Structure or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page There are many theories of technology, the most prominent one being technology as science, one that is used to built machines and computers and all the manner of electronic and mechanical inventions that are used to improve the lives of human beings.

Pro Abortion (Anti Abortion Rebuttal) Essay - 888 Words

Pro Abortion Abortion is defined as the expulsion of a fetus by a pregnant female before the normal end of a pregnancy. Many times and in most cases, specifically in the article titled â€Å"ABORTION† by Jimmyissmart on oppapers.com, abortion is seen as an act of violence and inhumane murder. It is mainly for this reason why people who are anti- abortion support their point of view. However, to murder the victim must first be alive, but what is the meaning of life? According to dictionary.com life is defined as the sum of the distinguishing phenomena of organisms, esp. metabolism, growth, reproduction and adaptation to environment. Hence, a fetus can not be alive because it lacks the ability to adapt to its environment, a fetus does not have†¦show more content†¦In some cases women who abort pregnancies do it because at that specific moment in their life they are just not ready for a baby but look forward to having one at a later date in their life. Surgery for one is costly and s econdly and most importantly once a sterilization of a female is complete it is highly unlikely for this process to be reversed. In the case that a responsible female takes the proper precautions by using a condom or taking a pill and still ends up with an unwanted pregnancy should she drop out of school get a job at McDonalds work for minimum wage and raise a baby in poverty or should she post pone her getting a baby get an education first then, when she is more capable to raise and manage a happy and healthy baby do so? Thirdly, â€Å"Rape is a big excuse for people who are for abortion.† Women who become pregnant through rape and even incest rape suffer the most severe form of emotional tragedy. Should they still go through with having that child even though they may be at a time in their life where a child may completely destroy their life and also the fact that, that child will be the embodiment of that one moment in their life that they try to forget? One of the underlying themes in Jimmyissmart’s paper is humanity. However, how ironic isShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Is It Morally Acceptable?1640 Words   |  7 Pagesacceptable to terminate this child? These are the main questions of the abortion debate that provides the basis for each side’s argument. On one end of the debate are the pro-choice arguers who believe life begins at birth and that women should have the right to choose what they do with their pregnancy. On the other end are the pro-life arguers who go against pro- choice believers. The pro-life side seeks to abolish abortion due to their belief that life begins at conception and that terminating aRead MoreAbortion Essay796 Words   |  4 PagesAn abortion is seen by millions as murder to an innocent child, death to innocent unborn fetuses, whilst others see an escape from panic, shame, poverty, dread, fear, and anxiety. Over 58 million abortions have been made since 1973 according to texasrighttolife.com, making abortions a giant of a topic. In more detail, an abortion is the surgical termination of an embryo or usually a fetus. This surgery has sparked many arguments over the years and one of the most significant was the debate or RoeRead MoreJudith Jarvis Thomson s A Defense Of Abortion Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesJudith Jarvis Thomson’s â€Å"A Defense of Abortion† is a uniquely reasoned argument for the right to abortion that uses strong analogies to challenge pro-life arguments that are based on the premise that a huma n life begins at the moment of conception. In this paper I will argue that Thomson is correct in her view and that her analogies solidify her argument, which then becomes impervious to criticism from philosophers like Keith J. Pavlischek or David B. Hershenov who bring up other factors irrelevantRead MoreAbortion1952 Words   |  8 PagesFor my final paper I have decided to do a on the ethical and controversial issue of abortion. In this report I will cover both sides of the abortion issue. I will summarize the stands of both Pro-Life advocates and Pro-Choice, by presenting arguments from organizations, authors, and journal articles from each side. As well as give a brief history on abortion and a look at the laws that govern this issue not only here at home but around the world. In conclusion of my report I will give my views onRead More Abortion Essay examples3801 Words   |  16 PagesAbortion Abortion has been an issue since 1820. In the beginning the problem was more about protecting doctors who have licenses. â€Å"Regular doctors thus had an incentive to ban abortion as part of an effort to drive irregular doctors many of whom were women out of business† (Straggenborg, p.211). The AMA (American Medical Association), which was the group that the regular doctors made, started a campaign that made the people believe that the white population was getting smaller and the populationRead MoreShould We Be Mandatory For Children?1750 Words   |  7 Pagesbaby in your body, to electing to follow certain religious beliefs, people have many rights as American citizens. Several cases have been ruled over when it comes to human rights, such as the Roe vs Wade case, which covers a woman s rights to an abortion, and the Cantwell vs Connecticut case that covers a person s religious right to free exercise. Now the country is torn again in a human rights issue. Should it be man datory for parents to give their children all of the vaccines that are availableRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesdid this when you paid attention to probabilities and consequences—you weighed the pros and cons—of going or staying. That is, you weighed the benefits and drawbacks. Heres a picture above of what to do. Think of a balance scale in which objects can be placed on either side of the scale. Put the pros on one side and the cons on the other, but assess each one by its significance or weight. After all the pros and cons are assessed this way and added onto the scale, the winner is the side thatRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesoverrepresented among those who were massacred or fled during the contemporaneous Khmer Rouge genocide in neighboring Cambodia. In Indonesia, Chinese residents have been persecuted and expelled for being, at 42 †¢ CHAPTER 1 different times, pro-Western imperialists, communists, and capitalist exploiters of the Indonesian masses. Tens of thousands of Hmongs who had been recruited by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had to flee from Laos to Thailand, and eventually across the PacificRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAbuse of Power 285 Strategies for Gaining Organizational Power 286 The Necessity of Power and Empowerment 286 Sources of Personal Power 288 Sources of Positional Power 293 Transforming Power into Influence 298 Influence Strategies: The Three Rs 298 The Pros and Cons of Each Strategy 300 Acting Assertively: Neutralizing Influence Attempts 304 SKILL ANALYSIS 310 Case Involving Power and Influence 310 River Woods Plant Manager 310 SKILL PRACTICE 311 Exercise for Gaining Power 311 Repairing Power FailuresRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages† Knight-Ridder Tribune Business News, July 30, 2005, p. 1; H. Ibish and A. Stewart, Report on Hate Crimes and Discrimination Against Arab Americans: The Post-September 11 Backlash, September 11, 2001—October 11, 2001 (Washington, DC: American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, 2003); A. Raghavan, â€Å"Wall Street’s Disappearing Women,† Forbes (March 16, 2009), pp. 72–78; and L. M. Cortina, â€Å"Unseen Injustice: Incivility as Modern Discrimination in Organizations,† Academy of Management Review 33, no.

How Does Browning Tell the Story in the Laboratory

How does Browning tell the story in â€Å"The Laboratory†? Robert Browning’s poem â€Å"The Laboratory† is set in France before the French Revolution. The dramatic monologue is about the narrator herself and her plotting of revenge against her previous lover and his current mistress and it tells the reader how she plans on doing so. She believes her actions in the story are justified and reasonable. In the poem, the story’s tone is established with the setting, which also helps create vivid imagery for the readers, making it easier to put into context and understand. Browning uses the title to set the scene for the story, as â€Å"The Laboratory† is a place where scientific experiments take place. But oddly, in the poem it’s a place the narrator†¦show more content†¦She is considered less worthy than them, which only strengthens her resolve to demonstrate her superiority through the murder. One could argue that the speaker has never actually been involved with her beloved, since she gives no direct proof of a relationship. Further, as her lover and competitors all know that she is aware of the affair, it is possible that they do not even know they are offending her in any way. There is also, in the empty church line, the slightest indication that perhaps she was seeking guidance from God and she was commanded to murder her; similar to the story of Abraham in the Bible when God commands him to kill his son. Much can be drawn from Brownings masterful subtly. Finally, sexuality is presented in this poem as something capable of great horror. In the same way that the bright, pretty poison will ultimately cause painful death, so does the allure of sexuality have a dark side. Sexuality is certainly behind whatever actions have led this woman to the apothecary, but it is important to keep in mind her willingness to use it on the apothecary in the final stanza, when she tells him, You may kiss me, old man, on my mouth if you will! Perhaps this poem should not be taken as a moral message but rather read it as his uses of values, which also surround their opposite. What drives men and women to celebrate life, or start it, can also cause that life toShow MoreRelatedMy Last Duchess By Robert Browning1529 Words   |  7 PagesNot Go Gentle Into That Good Night, Havisham, The Laboratory, My Last Duchess and On My First Sonne have all crafted very emotion based poems, all 6 present strong feelings. Some through manic speech and rhythm, others through a deeper meaning. I would say the majority of these poems (Havisham, Duchess, Laboratory and Photographer) all feature protagonists with mental disorders, after or during certain situations. My Last Duchess by Robert Browning is about a pretentious man looking back on the fateRead More Porphyria’s Lover, My Last Duchess and The Laboratory Essay2600 Words   |  11 PagesPorphyria’s Lover, My Last Duchess and The Laboratory In this essay I hope to prove that Robert Browning’s murder mystery poems are fulfilled with intrigue and excitement. I also hope to prove that in his poems he creates vivid characters and uses poetic techniques to expose a world of madness and wickedness. To show that the statements above are true I will be writing about the characters, the poetic features in each poem and the madness and wickedness in each poem. This essay will includeRead MoreExploring Themes in Sonnets1751 Words   |  8 PagesThe six poems that I shall be comparing are: Sonnet 116, My last duchess, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, The highwayman, The laboratory and The ballad of Tam Lin. There is a common theme that runs through all of these poems of relationships and the love in them whether it be the love lost between two lovers such as in the Laboratory or a fantasy love such as in The ballad of Tam Lin. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci the speaker of the poem comes across a knight all alone and who is apparently dying in a fieldRead More Dead Men Do Tell Tales Essay2533 Words   |  11 PagesDead Men Do Tell Tales In the book, Dead Men Do Tell Tales, by William R. Maples, Ph.D. and Michael Browning, a story is told in how the dead, no matter how dead, still â€Å"talk† to us. The book is appropriately titled because, according to Dr. Maples, truth is discoverable, truth wants to be discovered (2). Dr. Maples tells us of what it is like to be a Forensic Anthropologist. Dr. Maples does not hold anything back in any of his descriptions, from the smell of corpses to the explanations of maggotsRead MoreComparing The Ways Writer Present Doubts, Uncertainties And Conflict On The Minds Of The Characters4552 Words   |  19 Pagesdue to poetry being able to connect with the reader, even if they are not in the same situation. However they are still able to feel what their character is feeling and what state of mind they are in. Poems also tend to be short so that the reader does not loose concentration nor loose the power of the poem, but instead the poet chooses to write to a short limithowev er they choose their words carefully so that the reader will be intrigued and contemplated the whole way through the poem however leaveRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesAirlines CASE STUDY II-3 Norfolk Southern Railway: The Business Intelligence Journey CASE STUDY II-4 Mining Data to Increase State Tax Revenues in California CASE STUDY II-5 The Cliptomaniaâ„ ¢ Web Store: An E-Tailing Start-up Survival Story CASE STUDY II-6 Rock Island Chocolate Company, Inc.: Building a Social Networking Strategy CASE STUDY III-1 Managing a Systems Development Project at Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc. CASE STUDY III-2 A Make-or-Buy DecisionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesan OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise WorkforceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesby Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, edsRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesit is evident that the transition of HR management at GE Fanuc and at Bank of Montreal has enhanced organizational competitiveness and success.1 4 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment â€Å" HR should be defined not by what it does, but by what it delivers. DAVID ULRICH Human Resource (HR) management The design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish the organizational goals. As human resources haveRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesto competitor analysis 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 Learning objectives Introduction Against whom are we competing? Identifying and evaluating competitors’ strengths and weaknesses Evaluating competitive relationships and analysing how organizations compete Identifying competitors’ objectives Identifying competitors’ likely response profiles Competitor analysis and the development of strategy The competitive intelligence system The development of a competitive stance: the potential

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

Question: Discuss about the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Answer: Introduction At the present time public companies are obliged by Corporation Act 2001 in order to prepare GPFRs (General Purpose Financial Reports) at least once a year and also communicate the GPFRs to the users those desire to know the financial performance of the organizations. On the other hand, there are a lot of regulations as well as guidelines that the public companies must follow in the preparation of the GPFRs (Kieso, Warfield Weygandt, 2011). Furthermore, due to some exceptions, private companies are not compelled to prepare GPFRs. Along with this, this research essay would be beneficial to describe the importance of GPFRs for the business organization. Moreover, the essay would also be helpful to articulate the difference between GPFRs and Special Purpose Financial Statements. In addition to this, the essay would also be valuable to describe the reason behind that the true and fair view requirement is a central component of Australian financial reporting. Also, this essay would be advantageous to illustrate the reasons behind that only public companies, but not the private companies, require to produce GPFRs. Finally, this research paper will express International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Importance of GPFRs In fact, the GPFRs are very important for the business organizations. The main reason behind it is that, GPFRs play a significant role in order to reveal transparency and to develop trust between the organization and investors of that particular organization. Along with this, GPFRs are issued by the business organizations in order to give support to investors as well as creditors in the decision making process. GPFRs mainly take in balance sheet, income statement, cash flows statement, and statement of retained earnings to prepare financial reports in an appropriate way (Mather, Ramsay Serry, 1996). Moreover, the set of financial statements is labeled as general purpose as a result of it involves all the essential financial statements that may be used by the people to perform a lot of business activities. In addition to this, public companies use GPFRs in order to communicate the performance as well as competence of the companies with the outer people of the organization. On the other hand, GPFRs are also helpful for both creditors as well as investors in order to foresee the future performance of the company (Bazley, Hancock, Robinson, 2014). Moreover, with the help of GPFRs, the investors of the firm would be able to analyze the ability of the firm to pay off its current as well as future debts in a proper way. In addition to this, GPFRs are important because of these reports play a vital role in order to provide more financial information to the potential investors of the company; so they can make their decision about the investments in an effective and a significant way. Also, GPFRs are not designed to explain the value of a business organization. In contrast, GPFRs play a major role to give information related to the organization to its existing as well as potential investors; so they may estimate the value of the organization in an accurate way (Krambia-Kapardis Clark, 2010). For that reason, it can be said that, GPFRs are very important for t he business organizations and they must prepare GPFRs to provide accurate information about the companies to the investors, lenders and creditors. Difference between General Purpose Financial Reports and Special Purpose Financial Statements There are a lot of differences between General Purpose Financial Reports and special purpose financial statements. For case, a general purpose financial report is a common audit report that endorses the compliance with the appropriate accounting standards simply. Apart from this, a special purpose financial report or statement is a report that is not categorized as a GPFR (Elliott Elliott, 2007). A special purpose financial statement is a statement that is prepared by using a special purpose framework to outfit the specific needs of users who be going to use it. In opposite to this, a GPFR is prepared in order to meet the specific needs of the users who are totally depending on the information. On the other hand, the special purpose framework makes GPFRs and special purpose differ from one another. For case, GPFRs are prepared for the public use whereas special purpose financial statements intended for the draw on of internal users (Henderson, Peirson, Herbohn, Howieson, 2015). In other words, it also can be said that special purpose financial reports are only used by the management or particular external users such as: government bodies, banks, and so on of the firm. In addition to this, the GPFRs disclose more financial information related to the firm that enhances the level of transparency and accountability in an effective way. But, special purpose financial statements release less financial information that condenses the level of transparency as well as accountability (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, 2007). Apart from this, GPFRs are helpful to satisfy the needs of the users while special purpose is unable to satisfy the requests of users. The main reason behind it is that GPFRs disclose all the information related to the financial statements of the firm. But, special purpose reveals little information linked to the financial statements of the firm. Moreover, GPFRs require more time as well as cost to prepare while special purpose needs few time and charge in order to get ready. In other words, it can be said that, special purpose financial statements are faster and cheaper to arrange than GPFRs (Berrington, Bhandari, 2011). In this way, these are the major difference between the GPFRs and special purpose financial statements. True and Fair View Requirement is a Central Component of Australian Financial Reporting There is no specific definition of True and Fair View. But, it is well-known that the True and Fair View requirement is an essential element of Australian financial reporting. There are numerous reasons behind this. For case, the main reason is that, as per the section 297 of Corporations Act, business organizations are obliged to turn out true and fair financial statements to improve the level of transparency as well as accountability in an effective and a more comprehensive manner (Vladu, Mati, Salas, 2012). On the other hand, true and fair view plays a significant role in order to reveal the financial position as well as performance of the company in an accurate way. In addition to this, the financial statements for a financial year offer a true and fair view of the financial position as well as performance of the consolidated entity at what time consolidated financial statements are requisite by the public or government bodies. Along with this, True and Fair View requirement con sists of all the financial information of business organizations that is essential to improve the level of transparency and simplicity in an effective way (International Monetary Fund. 2006). For that reason True and Fair View requirement is considered as a crucial element of Australian financial reporting. Public Companies, But Not the Private Companies, Require To Produce GPFRs It is true that public companies are obliged to produce GPFRs. But, private companies are free from to produce GPFRs. There are numerous reasons behind this. For case, the major reason behind it is that all the public companies as well as large proprietary companies are reporting entities. All reporting entities are obliged to prepare GPFRs (Bandy, 2013). Apart from this, private companies are the non-reporting companies and for that reason they are not obliged to make GPFRs. On the other hand, people invest their money only in the public listed companies and therefore they need all the financial information related to the companies in order to predict future profitability of the companies in an accurate way. Apart from this, private companies do not make GPFRs because of there is no specific need to demonstrate all the financial statements of the organizations to the public (Parker Graham, 2008). In addition to this, public companies have some accountability to the government of the nation. They are obliged to fulfill their liability or accountability in a proper way. If public companies are unable to execute their accountability then GPFRs permit management as well as governing bodies to fulfill their accountability in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. This is also the major reason that public companies are compelled to prepare GPFRs and these reposts must be as per the accounting standards of the nation (Parker Graham, 2008). Apart from this, private companies do not have any specific liability to perform to the government. They are only obliged to fulfill all the common liabilities towards the government of the nation. For that reason; there is no specific need to prepare GPFRs to the private companies. In this way, these are the main reasons for those public companies, but not the private companies are obligated to prepare GPFRs. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) In current, IFRS has become the global standard in order to prepare financial statements of public companies. IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) are a set of accounting standards that are developed by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board). Along with this, IFRS indicate a set of GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) that are used by companies in order to prepare financial statements in an effective and a significant manner. Moreover, IFRS are planned as a common global language; so that company accounts may be comprehensible as well as analogous crosswise international boundaries (Mirza, Holt Orrell, 2010). In addition to this, IFRS (a set of international accounting standards) play a major role to explain that how particular types of transactions as well as other events must be reported in the financial statements of the firms. Moreover, IFRS are essential to indicate that how accountants must maintain as well as report their accounts exactly. IFRS were developed to have a general accounting language, as a result business as well as accounts can be recognized from company to company as well as country to country (Wiley-VCH, 2011). Apart from this, IFRS play a critical role in order to maintain stability as well as transparency all the way through the financial world. On the other hand, IFRS are very helpful to businesses as well as individual investors in order to make well-informed financial decisions. It is because of with the help of IFRS, businesses and investors would be proficient to perceive right that what has been going on with a corporation in which they desire to invest their money. In this way, it can be said that IFRS are an effective set of accounting standards that are developed as well as maintained by the IABS in an effective way (Ankarath, Mehta, Ghosh, Alkafaji, 2010). Moreover, with the help of IFRS standards, the business organizations and other people who are willing to invest their money would be able to compare the financial performance of the publicly listed companies and would also be able to make investment decisions in an appropriate way. Conclusion On the basis of above discussion, it can be assumed that GPFRs are very essential for the public companies. Moreover, public companies are required to prepare GPFRs as per the pre-determined accounting standards. It is also observed that, private companies are not obliged to prepare GPFRs. Apart from this, it can be observed that, there are numerous differences between general purpose financial reports and special purpose financial statements. The major difference is that GPFRs are prepared to the public while special purpose statements are prepared to some specific people such as: management of the firm, government entities and so on. Also, it is examined that, GPFRs plays a momentous role in order to reveal the transparency and to improve the efficiency of the business organizations in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Finally, it is also observed that IFRS are the global accounting standards that are developed by the IASB in order to maintain transparency as well as ac countability in the financial statements of the business organizations. References Albrecht, W.S., Stice, E.K., Stice, J.D. (2007). Financial Accounting. Australia: Cengage Learning. Ankarath, N., Mehta, K.J., Ghosh, T.P., Alkafaji, Y.A. (2010). Understanding IFRS Fundamentals: International Financial Reporting Standards. US: John Wiley Sons. Bandy, G. (2013). Financial Management and Accounting in the Public Sector. NY: Routledge. Bazley, M., Hancock, P., Robinson, P. (2014). Contemporary Accounting PDF. Australia: Cengage Learning Australia. Berrington, M., Bhandari, V. (2011). Pinnacle Financial Statements, Volume 2. Australia: IFRS SYSTEM. Elliott, B., Elliott, J. (2007). Financial accounting and reporting. Australia: Pearson Education. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015). Issues in Financial Accounting. Australia: Pearson Higher Education AU. International Monetary Fund. (2006). Australia: Financial Sector Assessment Program - Technical Note - Investor Protection, Disclosure, and Financial Literacy. Australia: International Monetary Fund. Kieso, D.E., Warfield, T.D., Weygandt, J.J. (2011). Intermediate Accounting, Study Guide. UK: John Wiley Sons. Krambia-Kapardis, M., Clark, C. (2010). Public Sector Financial Reporting. A Users Needs Study in Cyprus, Lemesos-Cyprus. Mather, P., Ramsay, A., Serry, A. (1996). The use and representational faithfulness of graphs in annual reports: Australian evidence. Australian Accounting Review, 6(12), 56-63. Mirza, A.A., Holt, G., Orrell, M. (2010). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Workbook and Guide: Practical insights, Case studies, Multiple-choice questions, Illustrations. US: John Wiley Sons. Parker, X.L., Graham, L. (2008). Information Technology Audits 2008. Australia: CCH. Vladu, A.B., Mati, D. and Salas, O.M. (2012). True And Fair View And Creative Accounting Conceptual Delimitations Based On Papineau`S Tree Methodology. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 14(1), pp. 104-115. Wiley-VCH (2011). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 2011. US: John Wiley Sons.

Economic Concepts free essay sample

This paper discusses some of the major concepts that are involved in the study of economics. This paper discusses some important concepts of economics including inefficiency of monopolies and law of diminishing returns. The paper details several different concepts and then explains each one with the help of a graph. According to this paper, it is important to understand that monopolistic firms are not likely to be very cost-conscious which makes both the firm and its employees rather inefficient. In order to support this theory, the author then enlists help of a graph that compares monopoly with perfect competition. It is believed every firm is operating with the sole objective of maximizing profits. But for maximization of profits, it is important to reduce costs and increase productivity. The lower the costs are, the wider the profit margin would be. Therefore the firms would always try to operate at a point where their average cost is at its minimum. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Concepts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is an ideal situation, which is not always achievable but is still the most important objective of a profit-maximizing firm. But it is important to understand that average cost curve may differ in the case of monopoly and perfect competition. But it is true that both types of firms would try to remain at the lowest level of their average cost curve in order to maximize its profits. This is a simple concept to understand.